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多线程任务下FileUtils.copyURLToFile引起的线程阻塞问题及Java

2020-11-09 来源:哗拓教育

项目描述:

工作中要编写一份程序用于爬取某某网站上的大量图片。从HBase里面遍历出所有的爬取任务,开启固定大小的线程池Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100),提交线程,线程每个线程做的事情是使用FileUtils.copyURLToFile去从Url下载图片,保存到本地。详细代码如下:

主线程:

public static void getAllRecord (String tableName,String prefix,String dir) {
	 HTable table = null;
 try{
 	table = new HTable(conf, tableName);
 Scan s = new Scan(); 

 s.setFilter(new PrefixFilter(prefix.getBytes()));
 ResultScanner ss = table.getScanner(s);
 ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100);
 for(Result r:ss){
 	 try {
	TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
	} catch (InterruptedException e) {
	// TODO Auto-generated catch block
	e.printStackTrace();
	}
 	 Thread task = new Thread(new DownLoadPicTask(r,dir,tableName));
 	 executor.submit(task);

 }
 executor.shutdown();
 } catch (IOException e){ 

 }finally{
 ...关闭资源
 }
 }

任务线程:

public static String downloadFromUrl(String url,String dir,String cityName,String id) { 

 try {
 URL httpurl = new URL(url);
 String fileName = getFileNameFromUrl(url);
 System.out.println(fileName);
 File f = new File(dir + File.separator+ cityName+ File.separator+id+File.separator+ fileName);
 FileUtils.copyURLToFile(httpurl, f);

 FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(f);
 BufferedImage bufferedImg = ImageIO.read(fis);
 int imgWidth = bufferedImg.getWidth();
 int imgHeight = bufferedImg.getHeight();
 bufferedImg = null;
 fis.close();
 if(imgWidth<500&&imgHeight<500){
 	FileUtils.deleteQuietly(f);
 	return null;
 }
 return imgWidth + "," + imgHeight;
 } catch (Exception e) {
 return null;
 } 

 }

问题:

执行了很久很久,理论上如果任务都执行完成的话线程池会销毁,主线程会结束,可是结果是没有。第一想法是肯定哪里死锁了。于是打开Java VisualVM查看。

多线程问题

可以看到pool-4(也即我们自己的线程)大部分处于等待状态。

Jstack调出所有的stack信息:

"pool-4-thread-21" prio=6 tid=0x000000000d662800 nid=0x2364 waiting on condition [0x000000001175f000]
 java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
	at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
	- parking to wait for <0x0000000780faa230> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject)
	at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:186)
	at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject.await(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:2043)
	at java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue.take(LinkedBlockingQueue.java:442)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.getTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1068)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1130)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

 Locked ownable synchronizers:
	- None

"pool-4-thread-20" prio=6 tid=0x000000000d662000 nid=0x32f8 waiting on condition [0x00000000114ef000]
 java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
	at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
	- parking to wait for <0x0000000780faa230> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject)
	at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:186)
	at java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject.await(AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.java:2043)
	at java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue.take(LinkedBlockingQueue.java:442)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.getTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1068)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1130)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

 Locked ownable synchronizers:
	- None

上述大概有100个线程的stack信息,这里只列出两条。

关于虚拟机的stack信息分析可以参考文章:《三个实例演示 Java Thread Dump 日志分析》

初步分析:

大部分线程(主:“大部分”,这里没说全部的原因后面跟着我的分析思路会说明)处于WAITING等待状态。 都在等待<0x0000000780faa230> (a java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject)这么一个资源。

既然线程们都在等待某个资源,那么这个资源是什么呢?

带着疑问我们搜索了整个stack信息,发现只有pool-4-thread-**线程在同样的位置有这个0x0000000780faa230东西。然后这个东西是什么呢?

AbstractQueuedSynchronizer提供了一个基于FIFO队列,可以用于构建锁或者其他相关同步装置的基础框架。
Condition是一个条件功能的class,必须放在Lock代码块内,如同wait,notify方法放在synchronized块一样。
Condition的(await,signal)与object的(wait,notify)相比,提供了更为通用和灵活的解决方案,可以让多种条件的线程之间相互通信。

更多详细关于AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的可以参看:
《AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的介绍和原理分析》
《AbstractQueuedSynchronizer》

说了这么多,参考了大量的上述文献,还是一头雾水是不是?

线程处于闲等状态,不能获取某个资源/条件(java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer$ConditionObject),那么肯定是被某个线程占用了。

FileUtils.copyURLToFile的问题

基于这么个思路,我在次查看了所有线程状态,终于发现在100个线程中被我遗漏的3个正在运行的线程:
其中之一如下:

"pool-4-thread-15" prio=6 tid=0x000000000d65e000 nid=0x28e4 runnable [0x00000000109fe000]
 java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
	at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
	at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:152)
	at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:122)
	at java.io.BufferedInputStream.fill(BufferedInputStream.java:235)
	at java.io.BufferedInputStream.read1(BufferedInputStream.java:275)
	at java.io.BufferedInputStream.read(BufferedInputStream.java:334)
	- locked <0x00000007810fa6c0> (a java.io.BufferedInputStream)
	at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.parseHTTPHeader(HttpClient.java:687)
	at sun.net.www.http.HttpClient.parseHTTP(HttpClient.java:633)
	at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(HttpURLConnection.java:1323)
	- locked <0x00000007810fa770> (a sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection)
	at java.net.URL.openStream(URL.java:1037)
	at org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils.copyURLToFile(FileUtils.java:1460)
	at com.esf.crawler.bootsStrap.DownLoadPicTask.downloadFromUrl(DownLoadPicTask.java:139)
	at com.esf.crawler.bootsStrap.DownLoadPicTask.run(DownLoadPicTask.java:101)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
	at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

 Locked ownable synchronizers:
	- <0x00000007810e2060> (a java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker)

没错!!!这就是罪魁祸首,这3个线程正处于运行状态(RUNNABLE)。

根据stack信息我们可以发现现在正在执行下载操作里的FileUtils.copyURLToFile方法,而该方法在读取socket流而没有结束(at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:152))

问题应该就是这里了!

那为什么读取不会结束呢?网络读取如果不能完成应该超时退出啊。带着这个问题我打开了下载网络图片的方法(见上面)。

FileUtils.copyURLToFile(httpurl, f);

翻看FileUtils.copyURLToFile的api:

public static void copyURLToFile(URL source,File destination)throws IOException
public static void copyURLToFile(URL source,File destination,int connectionTimeout,int readTimeout)throws IOException

可以看到我使用的是第一个方法。
它有一个警告:

Warning: this method does not set a connection or read timeout and thus might block forever. Use copyURLToFile(URL, File, int, int) with reasonable timeouts to prevent this.

也即是如果没有设置连接超时和读超时时间的话,可能会由于某些异常而永久阻塞。

那好吧,改成有超时设置的函数。

重新执行!结果还是不是我预想的>_<

HBase超时

重新启动后一段时间后100个线程还是全部休眠,参看debug日志,发现下面异常:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ScannerTimeoutException: 200243ms passed since the last invocation, timeout is currently set to 60000
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.AbstractClientScanner$1.hasNext(AbstractClientScanner.java:94)
	at com.esf.crawler.bootsStrap.AjkPicDownload.getAllRecord(AjkPicDownload.java:32)
	at com.esf.crawler.bootsStrap.AjkPicDownload.main(AjkPicDownload.java:75)
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ScannerTimeoutException: 200243ms passed since the last invocation, timeout is currently set to 60000
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ClientScanner.next(ClientScanner.java:370)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.AbstractClientScanner$1.hasNext(AbstractClientScanner.java:91)
	... 2 more
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.UnknownScannerException: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.UnknownScannerException: Name: 1679, already closed?
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.HRegionServer.scan(HRegionServer.java:3053)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos$ClientService$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientProtos.java:29497)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcServer.call(RpcServer.java:2012)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.CallRunner.run(CallRunner.java:98)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.SimpleRpcScheduler.consumerLoop(SimpleRpcScheduler.java:168)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.SimpleRpcScheduler.access$000(SimpleRpcScheduler.java:39)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.SimpleRpcScheduler$1.run(SimpleRpcScheduler.java:111)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:57)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:526)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException.instantiateException(RemoteException.java:106)
	at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException.unwrapRemoteException(RemoteException.java:95)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.ProtobufUtil.getRemoteException(ProtobufUtil.java:285)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ScannerCallable.call(ScannerCallable.java:204)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ScannerCallable.call(ScannerCallable.java:59)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RpcRetryingCaller.callWithRetries(RpcRetryingCaller.java:114)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RpcRetryingCaller.callWithRetries(RpcRetryingCaller.java:90)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ClientScanner.next(ClientScanner.java:354)
	... 3 more
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RemoteWithExtrasException(org.apache.hadoop.hbase.UnknownScannerException): org.apache.hadoop.hbase.UnknownScannerException: Name: 1679, already closed?
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.HRegionServer.scan(HRegionServer.java:3053)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos$ClientService$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientProtos.java:29497)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcServer.call(RpcServer.java:2012)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.CallRunner.run(CallRunner.java:98)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.SimpleRpcScheduler.consumerLoop(SimpleRpcScheduler.java:168)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.SimpleRpcScheduler.access$000(SimpleRpcScheduler.java:39)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.SimpleRpcScheduler$1.run(SimpleRpcScheduler.java:111)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcClient.call(RpcClient.java:1453)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcClient.callBlockingMethod(RpcClient.java:1657)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.RpcClient$BlockingRpcChannelImplementation.callBlockingMethod(RpcClient.java:1715)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos$ClientService$BlockingStub.scan(ClientProtos.java:29900)
	at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ScannerCallable.call(ScannerCallable.java:174)
	... 7 more

上述异常是HBase使用的Scan超时,超过了默认的6000的默认值。然后抛出异常,程序终结。也就是不在从HBase的Scaner里遍历出记录,产生任务Task。导致100线程无任务而空等。
原来我在上面程序中加入了线程休眠的代码,导致Scaner的超时。原本使用sleep代码只是为了让任务不要过早启动太多,结果导致的这个异常。

至此大致的问题已经找到了。

总结: 从出现问题到定位,再到分析解决。过程中不免会经过一起看是错误的猜想,我们还是要不同不但的分析推理验证尽可能的想法。一步一查找线索。多线程问题的出现无非就是由于同步,并发等情况下造成的死锁,资源竞争等等。

通过JDK里面提供的工具进行检测和导出相应的堆栈信息。能够分析dump日志里面线程各种状态产生的原因,及找到解决该问题的相应方案。

dump里线程状态大致如下:

  1. 死锁,Deadlock(重点关注)?
  2. 执行中,Runnable? ?
  3. 等待资源,Waiting on condition(重点关注)?
  4. 等待获取监视器,Waiting on monitor entry(重点关注)
  5. 暂停,Suspended
  6. 对象等待中,Object.wait() 或 TIMED_WAITING
  7. 阻塞,Blocked(重点关注)??
  8. 停止,Parked

分析出原因后进而定位到相应的代码。改之!!!

参考:

《三个实例演示 Java Thread Dump 日志分析》
《AbstractQueuedSynchronizer的介绍和原理分析》
《AbstractQueuedSynchronizer》
《Java线程池使用说明》

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